1. Locally Sourced Materials:
Locally sourced materials reduce transportation’s carbon emissions, making the building process more sustainable. Bamboo, laterite stone, and coconut wood, widely available in Kerala and traditionally used, not only minimize transportation emissions but also support local economies and are often suited to the region’s climate.
2. Adaptable to Climate:
Why it Matters: Sustainable building materials should be compatible with Kerala’s tropical monsoon climate, which includes heavy rainfall and high humidity. Laterite stone and clay bricks are best for their natural cooling properties and resilience in humid conditions. Bamboo and thatch, when treated for durability, also perform well in Kerala’s climate.
3. Energy Efficiency and Thermal Insulation:
Why it Matters: Kerala has a hot and humid climate, and materials that provide natural insulation, such as terracotta tiles, mud bricks, and hollow concrete blocks, provide natural air conditioning and reduce energy consumption. On the other hand, using a double-layered roof with local materials or installing natural shading structures, like bamboo, can provide soothing warmth in cold seasons.
4. Eco-Friendly Manufacturing Process:
The production process of materials should ideally minimize waste and pollution. Materials with low embodied energy are preferable as they consume less energy during their production. Fly ash bricks, made from industrial waste, are an eco-friendly alternative to traditional clay bricks. Additionally, recycled wood or reclaimed timber can be used for carpentry and structural purposes.
5. Recyclability and Biodegradability:
One of the most important considerations to be reckoned with while choosing sustainable building materials is they must be recyclable like stone and metal and biodegradable like bamboo and natural fibers because those types of materials reduce waste and make the end-of-life disposal process eco-friendly.
6. Water Resistance and Durability:
Why it Matters: High durability and water resistance are essential for materials used in Kerala due to the intense monsoon season. Laterite stone and seasoned teak wood are the best examples of their durability and resistance to water damage. Additionally, modern water-resistant materials like weather-treated bamboo and terracotta are also effective.
7. Low VOC and Non-Toxicity:
Why it Matters: Indoor air quality is very important for the health of the inmates. Certain building materials emit Volatile Organic Compounds(VOCs) which can cause havoc on their health. Natural paints, lime wash, clay plaster, etc, free from these compounds can provide a healthy environment.
8. Traditional Construction Techniques and Designs:
Kerala has a rich traditional Kerala architecture, with its sloping roofs and open verandas which enhances ventilation and provides natural cooling. Materials like wood, thatch, and mud are naturally renewable and integrate seamlessly with the environment, which perfectly aligns with sustainability principles.
9. Resilience to Earthquake:
Examples in Kerala: Steel-reinforced bamboo and well-designed masonry structures can provide flexibility and strength, which can provide structural integrity in the event of an earthquake. Additionally, materials like timber and bamboo have natural elasticity that performs well under seismic stress.
10. Cost Affordability in consideration with long-term use:
Compressed stabilized earth blocks and interlocking bricks are affordable, energy-efficient options. Recycled wood or composite materials are cost-effective alternatives for doors and windows. Since they are long-lasting, long-term savings can be squeezed from them.
